M'zaka zaposachedwa, popita patsogolo mosalekeza pantchito zomangamanga zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe amadzigudubuza monga zida zomangira zomangira misewu yapitilizabe kukula. Komabe, mtengo wokwera wa ogududubuza waletsa makampani ambiri, ndipo yachiwiri {{1} Kaya kumayiko opanga kapena otukuka, kwachiwiri {{3}.
Kufunikira kwa msika wachiwiri -
Kufuna kwa msika wachiwiri - Chifukwa cha bajeti yochepa ya ndalama, mayiko ambiri obwera akutuluka amakonda kugula kwachiwiri {{}} zida m'manja kuti muchepetse ndalama zoyambira. Nthawi yomweyo, makampani mu mayiko ena otukuka amasinthana ndi zida zawo ndikuyikanso ndi manja awiriake omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito pamsika, ndikuthandiziranso popereka zida zachiwiri {{5}
Potengera mtundu wa zida, othamanga ang'onoang'ono othamanga ndi tayala oyendetsa matayala amatchuka kwambiri mu yachiwiri {{0}; Ngakhale ogududubuza asitikali akuluakulu azichuluka, amafunikirabe ntchito zazikuluzikulu, motero mitengo yawo imakhala yolimba.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zogula wachiwiri -
Mukamagula chachiwiri -, ogula ayenera kuyang'ana pa momwe amagwirira ntchito, moyo wautumiki ndi zolembedwa za zida. Moyo wa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a chitsime {{}} Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ogula akuwunikanso zida kudzera mu bungwe loyeserera laukadaulo, kuphatikizapo injini, hydraulic system, etc., kuonetsetsa kuti zida zimakumana ndi zofunikira zomanga.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wachiwiri - Zabwino {{2}
Zochitika zamtsogolo
Ndi kukwera kwa msika wobwereketsa padziko lonse lapansi, njira zotchinga zaciwirila {{0}) Kutchuka kwa nsanja zogulitsa pa intaneti ndi zipatala zimathandizira ogula kuti apeze zambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zida za blockain zimathandizanso kukonza zida za dzanja. M'tsogolomo, yachiwiri {{4}:
